What's Olfactory Memory and How Does it Work?
Have you ever smelled something that instantly took you back to your childhood? Or bought a cookie because it smelled like the ones your grandma used to bake? Both of these are examples of your olfactory memory at work. This is the most basic kind of memory and it has a strong connection to your emotions. This is a connection that experts in marketing know very well and take advantage of to sell us their products.
It’s important to clarify that your sense of smell is a chemical system. As such, it’s in charge of detecting the chemicals that produce smells in your environment. This process is crucial for survival because it helps you identify substances that could be dangerous, such as spoiled foods.
The most effective sense
This is also one of the most effective senses because it’s the most directly connected to the brain structures that process information. Your body and brain process smells in the following way:
- The smell molecules floating in the air enter your nostrils through the mucus membrane. Then, they dissolve into molecules that can be captured by your olfactory system.
- Underneath the mucus membrane is a layer called the olfactory epithelium. This structure has neural receptors specialized in identifying smells.
- These neurons send the information to the olfactory bulb, a structure in the brain located just behind the nose.
- The bulb has sensory receptors that send messages to limbic system structures. This system, in turn, processes emotional information and helps consolidate memories. It also sends information to the dorsal cortex, which helps modify conscious thoughts.
The brain structures where the information ends up are the ones that help olfactory memory develop. It makes it possible to relate smells and memories, which helps the evocation and recognition process of different aspects of your daily life.
The limbic system and olfactory memory
We know that the limbic system is fundamental for consolidating information related to olfactory memory. This system is made up of structures such as the amygdala, the thalamus, and the cingulate gyrus, among others. It’s linked to involuntary or instinctual responses. The olfactory memory also helps process emotional information and provides stimuli.
The amygdala plays a key role in emotional response because it activates immediately in response to olfactory perception. It either assigns an emotion to a smell or triggers memories with a smell.
This system is one of the oldest in the brain and it’s responsible for your least rational actions. That means that the information that becomes part of your olfactory memory can incentivize certain decisions without first passing through the filter of reflection.
The cognitive processes involved in olfactory memory
As we mentioned above, what you perceive with your sense of smell isn’t easily processed through a rational filter. However, it has an impact on emotional and social aspects. Different processes in the brain help consolidate olfactory memory information. Some of them are:
- Perception. This is the process of capturing external smells in order to identify them and differentiate them from other smells. The result is a mental representation of the smell that also relates to the meaning.
- Sensation. This is the subjective interpretation and representation of the smell. In most cases, we label smells either pleasant or unpleasant. The way you label smells is closely related to individual, social, and cultural variables.
- Emotion. In olfactory memory, emotion plays a central role. As we saw earlier, aromatic information is primarily processed by your emotional brain. Consequently, it tends to be the most relevant aspect of this type of memory. It’s much easier to evoke an emotion with olfactory memory than with other types of memory.
- Associations. Usually, emotions play the starring role here but conscious thoughts also makes an appearance. As a result, specific elements and situations become associated with certain smells. Over time, you can voluntarily evoke these memories.
- Storage. This relates to memories you store for a long time. Most olfactory information falls into this category. Context and individual traits also influence this process.
Olfactory memory and marketing
This is one of the new approaches in the world of marketing. Businesses are using smells and olfactory memory to advertise and sell certain products. The goal is to evoke certain emotions that motivate consumption.
To that end, this kind of marketing uses the sense that most influences your buying choices. This is due to its power as a driver of action. To do this, they develop an olfactory logo or a “scent brand”. With a scent brand, a company can fix the memory of a specific brand in your mind.
It’s important for the scent brand to evoke feelings, values, emotions, and memories. Likewise, it has to be sufficiently recognizable and different enough from other types of smells, especially from the direct competitor’s scent brands. The better the scent brand evokes positive memories, the better it works.
In conclusion, olfactory memory, due to its direct communication with your decision-making center, plays an important role in your life. Big corporations are very aware of this connection, which is why they won’t hesitate to use it to trigger your primal instincts and overpower your rational brain.
All cited sources were thoroughly reviewed by our team to ensure their quality, reliability, currency, and validity. The bibliography of this article was considered reliable and of academic or scientific accuracy.
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